Mississippi was explored for Spain by Hernando de Soto, who discovered the Mississippi River in 1540, which, in 1699, was later claimed by France. A French group under Sieur d'Iberville established the first permanent settlement near what is now known as Ocean Springs.
After the French and Indian Wars in 1763, Great Britain took it over, ceding it to the U.S. in 1783 after the Revolution. Spain did not relinquish its claims until 1798, and in 1810 the U.S. annexed West Florida from Spain, including what is now southern Mississippi.
Cotton was the undisputed king of Mississippi's largely agrarian economy for a little more than one hundred years, from shortly after the state's founding through the Great Depression. Over the last half-century, however, Mississippi has diversified its economy by balancing agricultural output with increased industrial activity.
Soybeans has occupied the most acreage for almost four decades, while cotton remained the largest cash crop. In 2001, however, more acres of cotton were planted than soybeans, and Mississippi jumped to second in the nation in cotton production (exceeded only by Texas). The state's farmlands also yield important harvests of corn, peanuts, pecans, rice, sugar cane, and sweet potatoes as well as poultry, eggs, meat animals, dairy products, feed crops, and horticultural crops. Mississippi remains the world's leading producer of pond-raised catfish.
The state abounds in historical landmarks and is the home of the Vicksburg National Military Park. Other National Park Service areas are Brices Cross Roads National Battlefield Site, Tupelo National Battlefield, and part of Natchez Trace National Parkway. Pre–Civil War mansions are the special pride of Natchez, Oxford, Columbus, Vicksburg, and Jackson.
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